C++ concepts: Callable

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A Callable type is a type, for which the INVOKE operation, as defined by std::function, std::bind, or std::thread::thread is applicable.

[edit] Requirements

The type T satisfies Callable if

Given

  • f, an object of type T or const T
  • ArgTypes, suitable argument list
  • R, suitable return type

The following expressions must be valid:

Expression Requirements
INVOKE(f, std::declval<ArgTypes>..., R) the expression is well-formed in unevaluated context

where INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn, R) is defined as static_cast<void>(INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tN)) if R is possibly cv-qualified void, otherwise (since C++17) INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn), implicitly converted to R

where INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn) is defined as follows:

  • if f is a pointer to member function of class T and t1 is an object of class T or reference to an object of class T or derived from T, then INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn) is equivalent to (t1.*f)(t2, ..., tn)
  • otherwise, if f is a pointer to member function and t1 is not one of the types described above, then INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn) is equivalent to ((*t1).*f)(t2, ..., tn)
  • otherwise, if N == 1 and f is a pointer to data member of class T and t1 is an object of class T or reference to an object of class T or derived from T, then INVOKE(f, t1) is equivalent to t1.*f
  • otherwise, if N == 1 and f is a pointer to data member of class T and t1 is not one of the types described above, then INVOKE(f, t1) is equivalent to (*t1).*f
  • otherwise, INVOKE(f, t1, t2, ..., tn) is equivalent to f(t1, t2, ..., tn) (that is, f is a FunctionObject)

[edit] Notes

For pointers to member functions and pointers to data members, t1 may be a regular pointer or an object of class type that overloads operator*, such as std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr.


Pointers to data members are Callable, even though no function calls take place.

[edit] Standard library

In addition, the following standard library facilities accept any Callable type (not just FunctionObject)

std::function
std::bind
std::result_of
std::thread::thread
std::call_once
std::async
std::packaged_task
std::reference_wrapper