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This chapter describes the functions for creating streams and performing input and output operations on them. As discussed in I/O Overview, a stream is a fairly abstract, high-level concept representing a communications channel to a file, device, or process.
• Streams: | About the data type representing a stream. | |
• Standard Streams: | Streams to the standard input and output devices are created for you. | |
• Opening Streams: | How to create a stream to talk to a file. | |
• Closing Streams: | Close a stream when you are finished with it. | |
• Streams and Threads: | Issues with streams in threaded programs. | |
• Streams and I18N: | Streams in internationalized applications. | |
• Simple Output: | Unformatted output by characters and lines. | |
• Character Input: | Unformatted input by characters and words. | |
• Line Input: | Reading a line or a record from a stream. | |
• Unreading: | Peeking ahead/pushing back input just read. | |
• Block Input/Output: | Input and output operations on blocks of data. | |
• Formatted Output: | printf and related functions.
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• Customizing Printf: | You can define new conversion specifiers for
printf and friends.
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• Formatted Input: | scanf and related functions.
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• EOF and Errors: | How you can tell if an I/O error happens. | |
• Error Recovery: | What you can do about errors. | |
• Binary Streams: | Some systems distinguish between text files and binary files. | |
• File Positioning: | About random-access streams. | |
• Portable Positioning: | Random access on peculiar ISO C systems. | |
• Stream Buffering: | How to control buffering of streams. | |
• Other Kinds of Streams: | Streams that do not necessarily correspond to an open file. | |
• Formatted Messages: | Print strictly formatted messages. |
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